Science eLetter · 2016

Establishing practical estimates for city-integrated solar PV and wind

Lee Miller, Vaclav Smil, Gernot Wagner, and David Keith

We challenged Kammen & Sunter [1] because their city-scale estimates were too high. Industrial-scale solar farms currently generate less than 20 We/m^2 (Kammen & Sunter noted 10-120 We/m^2) and city-scale wind farms could generate no more than about 1 We/m^2 (Kammen & Sunter noted 2.5-30 We/m^2). When compared to the ~28 W/m^2 average consumption rate of the 10 most populous cities, the 29 W/m^2 of Berkeley (CA), or the 47 W/m^2 of Cambridge (MA), hopefully our reason for forcing this debate is immediately clear.

We are trying to establish practical estimates for city-integrated solar PV and wind. Reflecting on our debate thus far, we are converging on solar. The opposite is true for wind, where their revised estimate of 35 We/m^2 is higher and therefore more wrong than before.

Related Content